Although EU Regulation 428/2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of
exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items system is in line with the main
export control regimes and is seen as a model for others to follow, there are a number of
ways in which the regulation could be enhanced and refined. Part One outlines the
current state of play, purpose and implementation of the current regulation. In Part Two,
against the backdrop of the European Commission's reform proposal, the effectiveness of
the EU's dual-use export controls regime is explored further with regard to its potential
contribution to international, national and human security, as well as their impact on EU
economic and trade interests. The study concludes that the system’s effectiveness could
be improved in a number of ways, but that this requires an effort to mobilise political will
at different levels and across different institutions within the EU and its Member States,
and to enhance human resources, cooperation and capacity-building. The European
Parliament should also give consideration on a regular basis to issues relating to the
scope and implementation of the regulation, in order to ensure that the objectives
continue to be achieved.